{"id":16739,"date":"2020-11-30T09:25:57","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T08:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/actuality\/23971-2\/"},"modified":"2024-04-10T08:00:43","modified_gmt":"2024-04-10T07:00:43","slug":"23971-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/zaostrene-na-nobelove-ceny\/23971-2\/","title":{"rendered":"ZAOSTREN\u00c9 na Nobelove ceny 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-image16739_095316-fd .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}.kb-image16739_095316-fd img.kb-img, .kb-image16739_095316-fd .kb-img img{border-top-left-radius:5px;border-top-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-left-radius:5px;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image16739_095316-fd size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1170\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/11\/banner-il-Nobelove-Ceny-archiv.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-63104\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/11\/banner-il-Nobelove-Ceny-archiv.png 1170w, https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/11\/banner-il-Nobelove-Ceny-archiv-300x51.png 300w, https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/11\/banner-il-Nobelove-Ceny-archiv-1024x175.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/11\/banner-il-Nobelove-Ceny-archiv-768x131.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:5px;border-top-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-left-radius:5px;}.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column16739_0aa231-00{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:#F4F4F4;}.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column16739_0aa231-00 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column16739_0aa231-00\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>10. december 2020, <\/strong>online<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-prirodovedecka-f-color has-text-color\"><strong>Nobelova cena za fyziku 20<\/strong>20<\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column16739_2a0ee1-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kadence-column16739_2a0ee1-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column16739_2a0ee1-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:5px;border-top-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-left-radius:5px;}.kadence-column16739_2a0ee1-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column16739_2a0ee1-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column16739_2a0ee1-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column16739_2a0ee1-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:#F4F4F4;}.kadence-column16739_2a0ee1-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column16739_2a0ee1-6f{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column16739_2a0ee1-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column16739_2a0ee1-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column16739_2a0ee1-6f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Na horizonte \u010diernej diery<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Predn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00faci: <a href=\"\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/veda-vyskum\/NC\/Galis\/\"><strong>doc<\/strong>. <strong>RNDr. Rudolf G\u00e1lis, PhD.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><strong>Anot\u00e1cia:<\/strong> \u010cierne diery patria k najexotickej\u0161\u00edm objektom vo vesm\u00edre. O v\u00fdzname ich \u0161t\u00fadia sved\u010d\u00ed aj fakt, \u017ee za v\u00fdskum \u010diernych dier bola tohto roku udelen\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/tech.sme.sk\/c\/22503812\/nobelova-cena-za-fyziku-2020.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Nobelova cena za fyziku<\/strong><\/a>: jednu polovicu z\u00edskal <strong>Roger Penrose<\/strong> za objav, \u017ee vznik \u010diernych dier je robustnou predpove\u010fou v\u0161eobecnej te\u00f3rie relativity, druh\u00fa polovicu spolo\u010dne <strong>Reinhard Genzel <\/strong>a<strong> Andrea Ghezov\u00e1<\/strong> za objav supermas\u00edvneho kompaktn\u00e9ho objektu v strede na\u0161ej Galaxie. Po\u010das predn\u00e1\u0161ky bude vysvetlen\u00e1 podstata \u010diernych dier, ich vlastnosti, druhy a sp\u00f4soby ako ich mo\u017eno objavi\u0165 a sk\u00fama\u0165, a to aj napriek tomu, \u017ee ni\u010d, a teda ani svetlo, z t\u00fdchto gravita\u010dn\u00fdch pasc\u00ed nem\u00f4\u017ee unikn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-prirodovedecka-f-color has-text-color\"><strong>Nobelova cena za ch\u00e9miu 20<\/strong>20<\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column16739_024939-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kadence-column16739_024939-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column16739_024939-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:5px;border-top-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-left-radius:5px;}.kadence-column16739_024939-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column16739_024939-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column16739_024939-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column16739_024939-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:#F4F4F4;}.kadence-column16739_024939-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column16739_024939-a1{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column16739_024939-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column16739_024939-a1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column16739_024939-a1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Molekul\u00e1rny n\u00e1stroj na prep\u00edsanie k\u00f3du \u017eivota: k\u013e\u00fa\u010d revolu\u010dn\u00fdch zmien vo v\u00fdvojovej \u00e9re \u013eudstva<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Predn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00faci: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/PF\/zamestnanec\/viktor.viglasky\/\" class=\"ek-link\">doc. RNDr. Viktor V\u00edglask\u00fd, PhD.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><strong>Anot\u00e1cia<\/strong>: Tohtoro\u010dn\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/tech.sme.sk\/c\/22504670\/nobelova-cena-za-chemiu-2020.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Nobelova cena za ch\u00e9miu<\/strong><\/a> sa ude\u013eovala po\u010das celosvetovej pand\u00e9mie a je \u0161pecifick\u00e1 aj v tom, \u017ee ju po <strong>prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t v hist\u00f3rii udelili s\u00fa\u010dasne dvom \u017een\u00e1m<\/strong>: <strong>Emmanuelle Charpentier<\/strong> a <strong>Jennifer A.<\/strong> <strong>Doudna<\/strong>. M\u00e1loktor\u00fd objav za posledn\u00e9 polstoro\u010die vyvolal tak\u00fa&nbsp; b\u00farliv\u00fa vedeck\u00fa a etick\u00fa diskusiu a to e\u0161te pred udelen\u00edm tejto prest\u00ed\u017enej ceny. <strong>Laure\u00e1tky uk\u00e1zali, ako je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 prirodzen\u00fa imunitn\u00fa obranu bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed pod\u013ea n\u00e1\u0161ho \u017eelania a n\u00e1sledne ju aplikova\u0165 na \u013eubovo\u013enom inom \u017eivom syst\u00e9me vr\u00e1tane \u013eud\u00ed.<\/strong> Ide o d\u00f4myseln\u00fd syst\u00e9m, \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho zostrihu DNA, ktor\u00fd je zn\u00e1my pod ozna\u010den\u00edm CRISPR-Cas9 alebo famili\u00e1rne \u201egenetick\u00e9 no\u017enice\u201c. Oproti in\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom, pri ktor\u00fdch sa manipuluje s nukleov\u00fdmi kyselinami, napr\u00edklad siRNA, umo\u017e\u0148uje priamo a trvalo meni\u0165 genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l bunky. Podstata met\u00f3dy spo\u010d\u00edva v univerz\u00e1lnosti Cas-9 prote\u00ednu, ktor\u00fd akceptuje za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podmienok hocijak\u00fa sekvenciu tzv. \u201eguide RNA\u201c, ktor\u00e1 je homologick\u00e1 s vybranou oblas\u0165ou gen\u00f3mu, kde m\u00e1 d\u00f4js\u0165 k jeho zostrihu. V\u010faka tejto schopnosti, napr. dvojit\u00fdm zostrihom&nbsp; je mo\u017en\u00e9 anulova\u0165 konkr\u00e9tny g\u00e9n alebo n\u00e1sledne vklada\u0165 resp. cielene meni\u0165 konkr\u00e9tnu oblas\u0165 v DNA. Tento <strong>objav m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l, otv\u00e1ra dosia\u013e neuskuto\u010dnite\u013en\u00e9 nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti g\u00e9nov\u00e9ho in\u017einierstva, nasto\u013euje nov\u00fa \u00e9ru napr. v hum\u00e1nnej medic\u00edne, ale na druhej strane je&nbsp; ho mo\u017en\u00e9 zneu\u017ei\u0165 aj na nekal\u00e9 ciele.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-prirodovedecka-f-color has-text-color\"><strong>Nobelova cena za fyziol\u00f3giu\/medic\u00ednu 20<\/strong>20<\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column16739_ea1fbd-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kadence-column16739_ea1fbd-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column16739_ea1fbd-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:5px;border-top-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-right-radius:5px;border-bottom-left-radius:5px;}.kadence-column16739_ea1fbd-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column16739_ea1fbd-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column16739_ea1fbd-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column16739_ea1fbd-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:#F4F4F4;}.kadence-column16739_ea1fbd-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column16739_ea1fbd-5e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column16739_ea1fbd-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column16739_ea1fbd-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column16739_ea1fbd-5e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ako v\u00edrusy genetiku na hlavu postavili<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Predn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00faci:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/PF\/zamestnanec\/peter.pristas\/\" class=\"ek-link\"> <strong>doc. RNDr. Peter Prista\u0161, CSc.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><strong>Anot\u00e1cia<\/strong>: V\u00edrusy, tieto najmen\u0161ie zn\u00e1me, acelul\u00e1rne formy \u017eivota, sa v&nbsp;procese evol\u00facie tak prisp\u00f4sobili parazitick\u00e9mu sp\u00f4sobu existencie, \u017ee s\u00fa dnes p\u00f4vodcami t\u00fdch najv\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00edch ochoren\u00ed rastl\u00edn i&nbsp;\u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov a&nbsp;s\u00fa p\u00f4vodcami aj s\u00fa\u010dasnej pand\u00e9mie ochorenia COVID-19. Aby dok\u00e1zali oklama\u0165 a zneu\u017ei\u0165 infikovan\u00fa bunku pre svoje pomno\u017eenie, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v\u00edrusy \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu mechanizmov, ktor\u00e9 celkom vyvracaj\u00fa genetick\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 hostite\u013esk\u00fdmi bunkami a&nbsp;sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa, \u017ee aj na\u0161e mo\u017enosti lie\u010dby v\u00edrusov\u00fdch infekci\u00ed s\u00fa v\u00fdrazne obmedzen\u00e9 v&nbsp;porovnan\u00ed s&nbsp;lie\u010dbou bakteri\u00e1lnych infekci\u00ed. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/primar.sme.sk\/c\/22501660\/nobelovu-cenu-za-medicinu-iskalo-objavenie-virusu-hepatitidy-typu-c.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nobelova cena za medic\u00ednu<\/a> v&nbsp;roku 2020 bola udelen\u00e1 za objav v\u00edrusu hepatit\u00eddy C,<\/strong> vo svojej dobe z\u00e1hadn\u00e9ho a&nbsp;z\u00e1kern\u00e9ho ochorenia sp\u00f4sobuj\u00faceho cirh\u00f3zu a&nbsp;rakovinu pe\u010dene, pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9ho transf\u00faziou krvi. Cenu si rozdelili traja vedci <strong>Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton a Charles M. Rice <\/strong>a&nbsp;ich podiel na v\u00fdskume v\u00edrusu hepatit\u00eddy C je kr\u00e1snym pr\u00edkladom pokroku a spolupr\u00e1ce vo vedeckom v\u00fdskume. <strong>Harvey J. Alter<\/strong> dok\u00e1zal existenciu dovtedy nezn\u00e1meho, nov\u00e9ho typu v\u00edrusu sp\u00f4sobuj\u00faceho chronick\u00fa hepatit\u00eddu, <strong>Michael Houghton<\/strong> pou\u017eil unik\u00e1tny pr\u00edstup pre charakteriz\u00e1ciu gen\u00f3mu tohto v\u00edrusu, ktor\u00fd bol nesk\u00f4r nazvan\u00fd v\u00edrus hepatit\u00eddy C, a Charles <strong>M. Rice<\/strong> z\u00edskal k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd d\u00f4kaz, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve tento v\u00edrus vyvol\u00e1va chronick\u00fa hepatit\u00eddu. Ich pr\u00e1ca zachr\u00e1nila mili\u00f3ny \u017eivotov a&nbsp;otvorila cestu k \u00faplnej k&nbsp;elimin\u00e1cii tohto ochorenia.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id16739_357373-65 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id16739_357373-65 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id16739_357373-65 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem) * 2 )\/3))) minmax(0, calc(60% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem) * 2 )\/3))) minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem) * 2 )\/3)));}.kb-row-layout-id16739_357373-65 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id16739_357373-65 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 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